[Artificial intelligence facilitates tropical infectious disease control and research].

Since the global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in late 2019, artificial intelligence technology has shown increasing values in the research and control of tropical infectious diseases. The introduction of artificial intelligence technology has shown remarkable effectiveness to reduce the diagnosis and treatment burdens, reduce missing diagnosis and misdiagnosis, improve the surveillance and forecast ability and enhance the medicine and vaccine development efficiency. This paper summarizes the current applications of artificial intelligence in tropical infectious disease control and research and discusses the important values of artificial intelligence in disease diagnosis and treatment, disease surveillance and forecast, vaccine and drug discovery, medical and public health services and global health governance. However, artificial intelligence technology suffers from problems of single and inaccurate diagnosis, poor disease surveillance and forecast ability in open environments, limited capability of intelligent system services, big data management and model interpretability. Hereby, we propose suggestions with aims to improve multimodal intelligent diagnosis of multiple tropical infectious diseases, emphasize intelligent surveillance and forecast of vectors and high-risk populations in open environments, accelerate the research and development of intelligent management system, strengthen ethical security, big data management and model interpretability.

Measurement of Vapor Hydrogen Peroxide Based on Mid Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy

Vapor hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidant. The final product is water and oxygen. It has the advantages of no residue, safety, rapid disinfection and wide material compatibility. Vapor hydrogen peroxide sterilization is widely used in pharmaceutical, medical, health, and biosafety fields to ensure the safety of drugs, medical devices and food, especially used for disinfection and prevention of respiratory infectious diseases such as COVID-19, MERS, SARS and H1N1. In order to ensure the sterilization effect, hydrogen peroxide detector is used to monitor the concentration of hydrogen peroxide. Based on the tunable laser absorption spectroscopy technology of 1 255 cm-1 quantum cascade laser, a vapor hydrogen peroxide concentration measuring device is developed. The concentration range is 0~1 800 ppm. The main parts of the detector are isolated from hydrogen peroxide by V-type optical path structure and optical window to avoid hydrogen peroxide corrosion. In view of the fact that the error of transmittance function approximated by the first-order Taylor series is large in the case of high concentration and high absorbance, the second-order Taylor series is used to approximate transmittance function, and the second-order function of the second harmonic signal with respect to the gas concentration is derived. The second harmonic signal is the voltage value, which is calibrated and traced by potassium permanganate titration. Finally, the measurement formula is obtained, which fits the high and low concentration hydrogen peroxide well, and the maximum fitting error is 3%. When the humidity changes, the second harmonic signal does not change, excluding the influence of moisture on the measurement of hydrogen peroxide, which is suitable for the measurement of high concentration VHP at atmospheric pressure during the sterilization process. © 2021, Peking University Press. All right reserved.

[COVID-19 epidemic and its characteristics in Heilongjiang province].

Objective: To describe the COVID-19 epidemic and its characteristics in Heilongjiang province, and provide evidence for the further prevention and control of COVID-19 in the province. Methods: The information of COVID-19 cases and clusters were collected from national notifiable disease report system and management information system for reporting public health emergencies of China CDC. The Software's of Excel 2010 and SPSS 23.0 were applied for data cleaning and statistical analysis on the population, time and area distributions of COVID-19 cases. Results: On January 22, 2020, the first confirmed case of COVID-19 was reported in Heilongjiang. By March 11, 2020, a total of 482 cases domestic case of COVID-19, The incidence rate was 1.28/100 000, the mortality rate was 2.70% (13/482) in 13 municipalities in Heilongjiang. There were 81 clusters of COVID-19, The number of confirmed cases accounted for 79.25% (382/482) of the total confirmed cases and 12 cases of deaths. The family clusters accounted for 86.42% (70/81). Compared with the sporadic cases, the mortality rate, proportion of elderly cases aged 60 or above and severe or critical cases of clinical classification were all higher in the clusters especially the family clusters, but the differences were not significant (P>0.05). There were 34 clusters involving more than 5 confirmed cases accounted for 41.98% (34/81) of the total clusters, the involved cases accounted for 68.31% (261/382) of the total cases of clusters. There were significant differences in age distribution of the cases among the case clusters with different case numbers. In the clusters involving 6-9 cases, the proportion of cases aged 65 years or above was more (26.53%, 39/147). Conclusions: The incidence rate of COVID-19 was relatively high and the early epidemic was serious in Heilongjiang, The number of cases was large in clusters especially family clusters.

[Treatment strategies for colorectal cancer patients in tumor hospitals under the background of corona virus disease 2019].

In December 2019, a new outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 began to occur. Its pathogen is 2019-nCoV, which has the characteristics of strong infectivity and general susceptibility. The current situation of prevention and control of new coronavirus pneumonia is severe. In this context, as front-line medical workers bearing important responsibilities and pressure, while through strict management strategy, we can minimize the risk of infection exposure. By summarizing the research progress and guidelines in recent years in the fields of colorectal cancer disease screening, treatment strategies (including early colorectal cancer, locally advanced colorectal cancer, obstructive colorectal cancer, metastatic colorectal cancer and the treatment of patients after neoadjuvant therapy), the choice of medication and time limit for adjuvant therapy, the protective measures for patients undergoing emergency surgery, the re-examination of postoperative patients and the protection of medical staff, etc., authors improve treatment strategies in order to provide more choices for patients to obtain the best treatment under the severe epidemic situation of new coronavirus pneumonia. Meanwhile we hope that it can also provide more timely treatment modeling schemes for colleagues.